Elektronvolt
| Ölçüm | birim | Birimin SI değeri |
|---|---|---|
| Enerji | eV | 1.6021766208(98)×10−19 J |
| Kütle | eV/c2 | 1.782662×10−36 kg |
| Momentum | eV/c | 5.344286×10−28 kg⋅m/s |
| Sıcaklık | eV/kB | 1.1604505(20)×104 K |
| Zaman | ħ/eV | 6.582119×10−16 s |
| Mesafe | ħc/eV | 1.97327×10−7 m |
Fizikte, elektronvolt (sembol eV, ayrıca elektron-volt ve elektron volt yazılır), SI birimlerinde yaklaşık 1.6 × 10−19 jul (sembol J) 'ye eşit bir enerji birimidir.
Tarihsel olarak, elektronvolt, elektrostatik parçacık hızlandırıcı bilimlerindeki kullanışlılığı sayesinde standart bir ölçü birimi olarak tasarlanmıştır; çünkü, q yüklü bir parçacık, potansiyel V'den geçtikten sonra E = qV enerjisine sahiptir; eğer q, temel yükün tamsayı birimlerinde ve volttaki terminal biyasında aktarılırsa, eV'de bir enerji elde edilir.
Dayandığı temel yük gibi, bağımsız bir miktar değil, 1 J/C √2hα / μ0c0'a eşittir. Katı hal, atomik, nükleer ve parçacık fiziğinde yaygın olarak kullanılan fizik içindeki yaygın bir enerji birimidir. Genellikle, milimetre, kilo-, mega-, giga-, tera-, peta- veya ekva- (meV, keV, MeV, GeV, TeV, PeV ve EeV) metrik önekleriyle kullanılır. Bazı eski belgelerde ve Bevatron isminde, milyar (109) elektronvolt anlamına gelen BeV sembolü kullanılmıştır; GeV'ye eşdeğerdir.
Tanımlama
Bir elektron volt, bir voltun elektrik potansiyel farkı boyunca hareket eden tek bir elektronun yükü tarafından kazanılan enerjinin (veya kaybın) miktarıdır. Bu nedenle, elektronun temel yükü olan e, 1.6021766208(98)×10−19 C.[1] ile çarpılan bir volt, 1 J/C değerine sahiptir. Bu nedenle, bir elektronvolt 1.6021766208(98)×10−19 J.[2]'ye eşittir. Elektronvolt bir SI birimi değildir ve tanımı ampiriktir (litreden, ışık yılı ve diğer SI olmayan birimlerden farklı olarak), burada SI birimlerindeki değerinin deneysel olarak elde edilmesi gerekir.
Kütle
Kütle-enerji denkliği ile, elektron volt da bir kütle birimidir. Kütle fiziğinde, kütle ve enerjinin sık sık değiştiği, eV/c2 birimindeki kütleyi ifade ettiği, c'nin vakumda ışığın hızı olduğu (E = mc2'den) yaygındır. Kütle birimi olarak "eV" açısından kütleyi basitçe ifade etmek yaygındır; c, 1 ile c olarak ayarlanmış doğal birimlerden oluşan bir sistem kullanır. 1 eV/c2 kütle eşdeğeri
![{\displaystyle 1\;{\text{eV}}/c^{2}={\frac {(1.60217646\times 10^{-19}\;{\text{C}})\cdot 1\;{\text{V}}}{(2.99792458\times 10^{8}\;{\text{m}}/{\text{s}})^{2}}}=1.783\times 10^{-36}\;{\text{kg}}.}](data:image/svg+xml; charset=utf-8; profile="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Specs/SVG/1.0.0";base64,<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="60.93ex" height="6.843ex" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex;" viewBox="0 -1724.2 26233.6 2946.1" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="MathJax-SVG-1-Title">
<title id="MathJax-SVG-1-Title">{\displaystyle 1\;{\text{eV}}/c^{2}={\frac {(1.60217646\times 10^{-19}\;{\text{C}})\cdot 1\;{\text{V}}}{(2.99792458\times 10^{8}\;{\text{m}}/{\text{s}})^{2}}}=1.783\times 10^{-36}\;{\text{kg}}.}</title>
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Örneğin, her biri 0.511 MeV/c2'lik bir kütleye sahip olan bir elektron ve bir pozitron, {val|1.022|u=MeV}} enerji vermek üzere yok edilebilir. Protonun kütlesi 0.938 GeV/c2'dir. Genel olarak, tüm hadronların kütleleri, GeV (gigaelectronvolt) 'un parçacık fiziği için uygun bir kütle birimi olmasını sağlayan 1 GeV/c2 sırasına sahiptir:
- 1 GeV/c2 = 1.783×10−27 kg.
Avogadro'nun sayısına bölünmüş 1 gram atomik kütle birimi (u), neredeyse protonun kütlesi olan ve neredeyse bir hidrojen atomunun kütlesidir. Megaelektronvoltlara dönüştürmek için aşağıdaki formülü kullanın:
- 1 u = 931.4941 MeV/c2 = 0.9314941 GeV/c2.
Kaynak
- ↑ "CODATA Value: elementary charge". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2015. 2015-09-22 Alınmıştır.
2014 CODATA recommended values
- ↑ "CODATA Value: electron volt". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2015. 2015-09-22 Alınmıştır.
2014 CODATA recommended values